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Rotating bearings were utilized in the late 1800s and early 1900s and consisted of rocker bearings, knuckle bearings, and ball bearings. Rotating bearings enabled movement in both the horizontal and vertical directions. Both airplane bearings and roller bearings were made from metal. In the mid-1900s, contortion bearings began to be used, which were made from rubber.

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Types of bridge bearings [edit] Rocker bearings [edit] Rocker bearings have curved surfaces that permit rocking. As the bridge expands, the bearing rocks to enable motion in the horizontal instructions. Rocker bearings are mostly made from steel. Rocker bearings tend to be used for highway bridges. Elastomeric bearings [edit] Elastomeric bridge bearings are the most popular kind of bridge bearing used today.

Elastomeric bearings can be made at a low cost, and do not need to be preserved, like other types of bearings that have moving parts and are made of metal. Elastomeric bearings can be strengthened with steel to make them stronger if needed. Sliding bearings [edit] Moving bearings have both a flat moving surface area to allow horizontal movement and a spherical surface area to allow rotation.

Spherical bearings [modify] As the name recommends, spherical bearings remain in the shape of a sphere. These bearings just allow rotation, and avoid movement in the horizontal and vertical instructions. Functions of bridge bearings [modify] They are one of the most important elements of bridges. They transfer forces from bridge superstructure to base.

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They allow movements like translation and rotation in between girders and pier caps of bridges to accommodate motions such as thermal expansion. Neoprene bearing pads (rubber like structure), an unique kind of bridge bearing, loses its energy through deformation. It streamlines the load transfer mechanism and for this reason, making analysis easier.

( 1994 ). Bridge Bearings and Expansion Joints. Taylor & Francis Group. pp. 45. ISBN 0-419-14570-2. Gilstad Drew E. (1990-05-01). " Bridge Bearings and Stability". Journal of Structural Engineering. 116 (5 ): 12691277. doi:10. 1061/( ASCE) 0733-9445( 1990 )116:5( 1269 ). Brinckerhoff, Parsons (1993 ). Silano, Louis G. (ed.). Bridge Assessment and Rehab: A Practical Guide. John Wiley & Sons. p.

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ISBN 0471532622. Fu, Gongkang (2013 ).  Full Article  and Assessment: LRFD and LRFR. John Wiley & Sons. p. 304. ISBN 1118332687. Wetzk, Volker (2006 ). Bridge Bearings - A Historical Survey. ISBN 0-7017-0205-2. Fu, Gongkang (2013 ). Bridge Style & Evaluation LRFD and LRFR. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 303312. ISBN 9781118332689.

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" Elastomeric Design, Construction, and Products". NCHRP Report: 248.